||rational numbers as an abstract data type, say
||	%include <ex/rat>
||to include this in one of your own scripts.  Quoting the  filename  in
||this form makes the %include directive work from any directory.

abstype rational
with ratio :: num -> num -> rational
     mkrat :: num->rational
     rplus, rminus, rtimes, rdiv :: rational -> rational -> rational
     rpow :: num -> rational -> rational
     numerator, denominator :: rational -> num
     rparts :: rational -> (num,num)
     showrational :: rational -> [char]

rational == (num,num)

||a rational is represented as a pair of integers
||note that rationals are kept in their lowest terms, with positive
||denominator, and (0,1) is the unique representation of zero

ratio p q = error "illegal ratio", if  q=0\/~integer p\/~integer q
          = ratio (-p) (-q), if q<0
          = (0,1), if  p=0
          = (p div h,q div h), otherwise
            where
            h = hcf (abs p) q
            hcf a b = hcf b a, if  a>b
	            = b, if a=0
	            = hcf (b mod a) a, otherwise

mkrat n = ratio n 1, if integer n
	= error ("mkrat "++shownum n), otherwise

(a,b) $rplus (c,d) = ratio (a*d+c*b) (b*d)
(a,b) $rminus (c,d) = ratio (a*d-c*b) (b*d)
(a,b) $rtimes (c,d) = ratio (a*c) (b*d)
(a,b) $rdiv (c,d) = ratio (a*d) (b*c)

rpow 0 x = (1,1)
rpow n x = thing, if n mod 2 = 0
         = x $rtimes thing, otherwise
           where
	   thing = rpow (n div 2) (x $rtimes x)

numerator = fst
denominator = snd
rparts = id

showrational (a,b) = "(ratio "++shownum1 a++" "++shownum1 b++")"
shownum1 n = "("++shownum n++")", if n<0
           = shownum n, otherwise

||Attempts to print a rational will automatically pick up  the  function
||called showrational - see manual section on abstract data types.  Note
||that we have chosen to print rationals in such a way that Miranda  can
||read them back in again at the same type.